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Cosa (chi) è scanning$72405$ - definizione
![A large STM setup at the [[London Centre for Nanotechnology]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/STM at the London Centre for Nanotechnology.jpg?width=200 "A large STM setup at the [[London Centre for Nanotechnology]]")
![A 1986 STM from the collection of [[Musée d'histoire des sciences de la Ville de Genève]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Scanning tunneling microscope-MHS 2237-IMG 3819.JPG?width=200 "A 1986 STM from the collection of [[Musée d'histoire des sciences de la Ville de Genève]]")
 250 nm by 250 nm image of one-atom-thick silver islands grown on palladium (111) surface.png?width=200 "One-atom-thick silver islands grown on terraces of the (111) surface of palladium. Image size is 250 nm by 250 nm.")
![A 7 nm long part of a single-walled [[carbon nanotube]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chiraltube.png?width=200 "A 7 nm long part of a single-walled [[carbon nanotube]].")
![Atoms on the surface of a crystal of [[silicon carbide]] (SiC) are arranged in a hexagonal lattice and are 0.3 nm apart.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Silicium-atomes.png?width=200 "Atoms on the surface of a crystal of [[silicon carbide]] (SiC) are arranged in a hexagonal lattice and are 0.3 nm apart.")
![STM nanomanipulation of PTCDA molecules on [[graphite]] to inscribe the logo of the [[Center for NanoScience]] (CeNS), Munich.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cens nanomanipulation3d Trixler.jpg?width=200 "STM nanomanipulation of PTCDA molecules on [[graphite]] to inscribe the logo of the [[Center for NanoScience]] (CeNS), Munich.")
![Block diagram of an apertureless reflection-back-to-the-fiber NSOM setup with shear-force distance control and cross-polarization; 1: [[beam splitter]] and crossed polarizers; 2: shear-force arrangement; 3: sample mount on a piezo stage.<ref name="NSOM Intro">[http://www.physics.ncsu.edu/optics/nsom/NSOMintro.html ''Introduction to NSOM.'' The Optics Laboratory, North Carolina State University. 12 October 2007]</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/NSOM-setup.png?width=200 "Block diagram of an apertureless reflection-back-to-the-fiber NSOM setup with shear-force distance control and cross-polarization; 1: [[beam splitter]] and crossed polarizers; 2: shear-force arrangement; 3: sample mount on a piezo stage.<ref name=\"NSOM Intro\">[http://www.physics.ncsu.edu/optics/nsom/NSOMintro.html ''Introduction to NSOM.'' The Optics Laboratory, North Carolina State University. 12 October 2007]</ref>")
Wikipedia
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. SPM was founded in 1981, with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope, an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. The first successful scanning tunneling microscope experiment was done by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer. The key to their success was using a feedback loop to regulate gap distance between the sample and the probe.
Many scanning probe microscopes can image several interactions simultaneously. The manner of using these interactions to obtain an image is generally called a mode.
The resolution varies somewhat from technique to technique, but some probe techniques reach a rather impressive atomic resolution. This is due largely because piezoelectric actuators can execute motions with a precision and accuracy at the atomic level or better on electronic command. This family of techniques can be called "piezoelectric techniques". The other common denominator is that the data are typically obtained as a two-dimensional grid of data points, visualized in false color as a computer image.
